Criminal Defense

What to Expect During an Arraignment Hearing

February 21, 2021 by Gregg Wisotsky, Esq. Leave a Comment

New Jersey Arraignment Hearing Process

Getting arrested is a traumatic experience, and the arrest is often only the first step of a long legal process. Your first court appearance will be your arraignment hearing. An arraignment hearing includes:

Court reads the charges against you.
You are asked about legal counsel.
Bail motion is heard.
Court dates for motion hearings are scheduled.
Court dates for pre-trial and trial are scheduled.

Timing of the Arraignment Hearing

The timing of your arraignment hearing will depend on if you are still in custody or not. To protect the defendant’s safety, it has long been federal law that an arraignment occurs as quickly as possible. Most of the time, arraignment hearings take place within 48 hours for those still in jail.

In-custody defendants are either transported to the courthouse to appear in person or to a separate part of the jail to participate in a virtual arraignment. A virtual arraignment is one that is held via videoconference.

Those individuals who have bailed out of jail will be scheduled for their arraignment a few weeks out. This will give you time to contact your Morristown criminal defense lawyer to begin working on your defense.

Advisement of Rights

You will be advised of your right to counsel and your right to waive your arraignment hearing. Not all states allow you to waive your arraignment. The defendant is also given the choice of not hearing the charges read aloud in front of the court.

Advisement of Charges

At this time, the court will read aloud the criminal complaint against you. They will also advise you of any indictment information. You have the right to receive a copy of this information.

Appointment of Counsel

After the charges are read, the judge will ask you if you have retained an attorney. The court will also determine if you qualify for representation by a public defender. You do have the right to have an attorney present at your arraignment. If you choose to exercise this right and your attorney is not present, a second arraignment hearing will be scheduled. Once you make it known that you want your attorney present, it is illegal to arraign you without your lawyer present.

Entering a Plea

After you have been advised of the charges against you, the judge will ask you how you plead to those charges. Following are the possible ways you can respond.

Not Guilty

It is common for defense attorneys to recommend that the defendant always enter a plea of not guilty at the arraignment hearing. This forces the state to prove its case against you. Once the state has gathered all the evidence, your Morristown criminal defense lawyer will be able to review the evidence against you. The extra time allows for you and your lawyer to prepare your defense for trial.

Guilty

When a defendant enters a guilty plea at arraignment to a minor offense, the judge may choose to sentence the defendant during the hearing itself. If a guilty plea is entered in response to more serious crimes, there will be other hearings and conferences before the sentence is handed down.

No Contest

A plea of no contest is also known as a plea of nolo contendere. This plea serves as an acknowledgment that you recognize that there is enough evidence for a conviction. Procedures following a plea of no contest are the same as those for a guilty plea.

Setting Conditions for Pretrial Release

Following the plea, the court might set conditions for a defendant to be released pending trial. In setting these conditions, the following factors are considered:

If the defendant presents a danger to the community if he or she is released.
Criminal record and the nature of any prior offenses.
Ties to the community, including the presence of family and the length of time the defendant has been a resident of the community.
The defendant’s employment status in the community and the length of time they have been employed at that job.
Defendant’s history of failure to appear.

When these factors have been reviewed, the following release options are considered and determined.

Release on Your Own Recognizance

A release on your own recognizance is also known as “ROR.” This release is not based on money. It is based on your promise to report to all court dates. A failure to appear to your court dates might reverse the court’s decision to release you. If your release is revoked, you could be sent back to jail until your trial is complete.

Bail or Bond

When the court sets bail, it requires that the defendant post money to the court in order to be released until your trial. A bond is either cash or surety. A cash bond requires that the amount of bail be paid in full to the courts. The amount will be held and returned to you at the end of your trial. A surety bond only requires a percentage of the full bail amount to be paid. It is usually backed by some type of collateral. When the defendant ultimately appears in court, the money is returned to you.

No matter which type of bond is assigned for your bail, if you fail to appear in court, you will forfeit the money, and a warrant for your arrest will be issued.

Supervised Release

Under a supervised release agreement, you will be required to keep regular appointments with a probation officer. You also may be subjected to random drug tests. If you miss too many meetings or fail a drug test, the courts can revoke your release and can order your return to jail until your trial.

Other Conditions of Release

Common in all of these release scenarios are the following rules:

You may be required to wear an ankle bracelet that tracks your movements.
You must abstain from drugs and alcohol.
You cannot be arrested for any new crimes.
You may not possess firearms or other weapons.
You will not be allowed to travel outside of your community.
You may be subject to house arrest.
You may not associate with the victims or any witnesses to the crime.
You may not associate with any felons.

If any of these conditions are violated, you will be in violation of your conditions of release and are then subject to being taken back to jail until your trial.

Scheduling

The final step in your arrangement hearing will be the court assigning specific court dates to all of your motions hearings, status conferences, and ultimately the trial.

Next Steps

The arraignment hearing is only the beginning. If you are not assigned a public defender, you will need to retain a Morristown criminal defense lawyer to begin to plan your defense and prepare for trial. To get started on your case, call criminal defense lawyer Gregg Wisotsky in Morristown, New Jersey, at (973) 898-1494 for advice regarding your criminal case.

Understanding All the Types of Criminal Forgery

January 23, 2021 by Gregg Wisotsky, Esq. Leave a Comment

What Are the Different Types of Criminal Forgery?

With roughly 45,000 people being arrested for criminal forgery each year, forgery is an incredibly common charge. There are all sorts of activities that can count as forgery, so some people accidentally commit this crime without even realizing it. If you or a loved one is facing forgery charges, it can be helpful to understand all the different types of forgery.

Forgery by Altering Documents

One of the most common types of criminal forgery is altering an otherwise valid document. This forgery type occurs when a person changes a document without proper consent. Some examples of this type of forgery include changing dates, amounts of money, and names of people on documents. This forgery is often used when making fake IDs, embezzling money from a business, or cashing a fake check.

If you are charged with forgery, the prosecution usually needs to prove that you altered a document and that you intended to defraud others with the document. Therefore, your defense may show that you did not have the means to access and alter the document. For example, if you do not have the password to your company’s bookkeeping software, you might not be able to change documents for the purpose of embezzlement. Depending on your case, you may be able to argue that someone else committed the alteration or that you actually did have permission to alter the item.

Forgery by Creating False Documents

Some people may commit forgery that goes beyond simply making changes to a document. Instead, they may create entirely new documents for their personal gain. Just about any money, tokens, stamps, seals, badges, credit cards, or other sorts of documents can be forged. Making a false document also applies to those who forge universal product code labels or other electronic files as well. You can be charged with this crime whether the false documents are completely or partially finished at the time you were apprehended.

In some cases, such as a forged piece of art, your defense may be that the document was not meant to actually be confused with the real thing. Creating a false document accurate enough to deceive others is often very difficult, so a common defense may be that you did not have the ability to make the forged document. For example, your attorney may point out that you did not have access to the high-quality printing tools needed to create a false passport.

Forgery by Faking an Identity

Forgery can occur when someone pretends to be someone they are not. This encompasses a variety of crimes. It can include things like signing someone else’s name on a legal document or impersonating an official. It can also be using someone else’s login credentials to sign in and access confidential information. Keep in mind that this type of forgery is slightly different from general false identity claims. Forgery specifically applies to false writing of some sort. Simply stating that you are a different person without the act of writing or creating any documentation is not forgery.

If you were charged with forgery by false identity, your Morristown criminal defense lawyer may have a few different routes of defense. You may be able to focus on the lack of intent, emphasizing that your faked identity was meant as a joke that would not actually deceive anyone. A similar defense may occur if a person signed the wrong name accidentally or misspelled their own name in a way that made it into another’s.

Forgery by Using a Forged Item

Using a forged item without creating it yourself is still considered a type of forgery. Called “uttering” a forged document, this is essentially presenting a forged document and claiming that it is true. You can be convicted for this type of forgery even if you did not actually defraud anyone. Simply lying about the veracity of a document with the intent to defraud is enough to get a forgery charge.

For this type of forgery, one of the most common defenses is a lack of intent. For example, if you tried to return an item with a falsified receipt, you could potentially argue that you thought the receipt was correct. Defending against these cases frequently relies on the fact that you may have been in possession of the forged item but assumed it was not forged. Depending on the forged item, it can be very hard for the prosecution to show that you were personally aware of the forgery before using the device.

Degrees of Forgery

Since there is so much variation in what counts as forgery, there are different degrees of charges possible. The majority of forgeries in New Jersey are third-degree felonies. Third-degree forgeries are typically ones that involve forging money, checks, securities, property titles, or personal identification documents. A person may also be charged with a third-degree forgery if they are convicted of forgery and are also in possession of items used for the express purpose of forgery. Being convicted of multiple counts of fourth-degree forgery may result in upgrading the crime to a third-degree charge. Any conviction of a third-degree forgery felony results in a fine of at least $500 and a prison sentence of three to five years.

Some forgeries that do not involve money, property, or personal identification documents may count as a fourth-degree forgery. This is a slightly less severe charge, where the consequences are a prison sentence of fewer than 18 months and a fine of $200 or higher. New Jersey mostly charges people with felonies for forgery. However, if a person just has a single altered sales receipt or UPC label, they are convicted of a “disorderly person” crime. This is essentially a type of misdemeanor criminal charge. It results in a prison sentence of no more than six months and a fine of at least $100.

Federal vs. State Forgery

Something else to consider when looking at types of forgery is whether it is a state or federal offense. Forgery is illegal on both a state and federal level. Whether it is prosecuted as a federal felony will depend on the circumstances. Any time a forged document travels between states, it becomes a federal crime. Forgery is also usually prosecuted on the federal level if it involves government documents or agencies. Things like forging immigration documents, FBI badges, or military credentials are likely to be a federal forgery.

Being charged with a federal crime instead of a state crime is mostly a matter of jurisdiction. You may go to different courthouses or prisons when you are facing federal charges. Furthermore, federal convictions typically have more severe consequences. New Jersey’s maximum sentence for forgery is five years in prison while a federal forgery conviction can result in a sentence of up to 10 years.

Ultimately, forgery is a very complex criminal charge. Depending on a person’s unique situation, there may be all sorts of defenses available. When you need a Morristown criminal defense lawyer for forgery, Gregg Wisotsky is here to help. With offices throughout New Jersey, we assist people with defending themselves from all sorts of criminal charges. Schedule a consultation today by dialing (973) 898-0161 or filling out our online contact form.

The COVID-19 Pandemic May Impact New Jersey Crime Rates

November 22, 2020 by Gregg Wisotsky, Esq. Leave a Comment

COVID in New Jersey: What Is the Impact on Crime?

As a result of COVID-19, hundreds of thousands of people have been killed, millions sickened, and tens of millions of people have seen their employment disrupted. This, in turn, has impacted our economy, and the reach of that disruption has extended its tentacles into many aspects of our lives. However, as bad as it has been, some of the impacts have been more mixed, and in some ways, COVID has helped make a positive difference in society, including in some areas, like crime.

Economic Impact of COVID in New Jersey

Few states have been hit as hard by COVID as has New Jersey. This is the case for many reasons. First and foremost, unfortunately for the Garden State and its residents, New Jersey was one of the epicenters of COVID when it first hit the United States in March. For some time, New Jersey had some of the highest numbers of cases in the entire country. It also had extremely high positivity rates, hospitalization usage, and deaths.

Those impacts remain to date, although the numbers have declined. As of the end of October 2020, there were 231,000 cases of COVID-19 in New Jersey with more than 16,000 deaths. Relatively speaking, this is a high number. In terms of its rankings in the United States, New Jersey has the:

10th highest number of cases
5th highest number of deaths
26th highest number of cases per 1 million residents

New Jersey Gov. Phil Murphy won praise and high approval ratings from his state’s residents, acting aggressively to close businesses and limit nonessential workers from traveling.

However, those measures and the human toll of the virus have exacted a steep price on the New Jersey economy. From that perspective, New Jersey continues to suffer. The state’s unemployment rate is 11.1 percent, which is much higher than the national average of 7.9 percent. The state has recovered significantly from the March/April unemployment highs but clearly has a long way to go after losing 759,000 jobs and having recovered a mere 40 percent of them.

As one would expect, the impact of this job loss was the hardest on the service, retail and tourism industries. These impacts, of course, hit people whose jobs were the least secure, often including women and racial minorities who have been made to bear the brunt of this pandemic.

Impact of COVID and other Economic Disruptions on Crime Across the United States

A wide array of research has detailed the impact that economic disruption and recessions have on crime. The results have yielded many findings, some of which make sense and others that are counterintuitive.

On one hand, according to the World Economic Forum, young people who leave school or graduate during a recession are more likely to become involved in crime than people who leave school when economic times are rosier. This is because young people who have a harder time finding a job are likelier to turn to a life of crime as there is no other productive way to spend their time or make a living. Of course, this could be particularly devastating for youth who were leaving high school or college during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.

However, this does not mean that crime rates are bound to increase during difficult economic times. For example, according to an analysis by the Stanford Center on Poverty and Economic Inequality, crime rates were declining before the Great Recession, and they continued to decline during it. At the same time, the analysis noted that crime increased during many periods of economic growth, notably during the 1960s and 1970s. The paper noted the possibility that crime rates may lag behind these periods of growth and contraction, but it does appear possible that recessions will not broadly impact the crime rate. As such, it appears highly possible that other factors can crowd out the impact that the economy may have on crime.

As we are still in the middle of COVID, it is more difficult to determine what impact it has had on crime and the crime rate. However, some conclusions can be drawn. Arrests and crime reports are down in many areas throughout the country. Citing concerns of the danger jails and prisons posed, many police departments reduced arrests, instead opting to ticket individuals for alleged infractions. In areas with significant lockdowns or rates of illness, most types of crime fell dramatically, although some areas saw increases in certain types of physical crimes, such as burglaries of commercial properties. Criminals presumably targeted these areas, knowing they would be unoccupied during much of the lockdown.

Additionally, some other types of crime increased. Cybercrime, domestic violence and hate crimes against Asian Americans all saw increases, which can all be tied directly to the impact of COVID-19.

However, to be clear, while many types of crime have decreased, there is still a huge demand for legal services. Crime is still occurring; arrests are still being made; and many standard legal events, like trials, have been altered. As such, if you live in the Morristown area and need help finding an attorney, you should make sure to reach out to a Morristown criminal defense lawyer. Furthermore, you should do so sooner rather than later as any delay in court proceedings may extend your legal issues longer than necessary.

The Impact of COVID on Crime in New Jersey

If anything, it appears that the impact of COVID-19 on New Jersey crime rates has been positive. A report in mid-May by the New Jersey State Police found that crime had “plummeted” in New Jersey during the coronavirus outbreak. That report found that virtually all categories of crime, including violent crime and property crime, had dropped. In some cases, certain types of crimes dropped by as much as 65 percent. Even domestic violence calls had dropped by 16 percent. The only type of violent crime that increased was murder, which went up 9 percent.

These statistics were echoed in other parts of New Jersey. For example, in October 2020, Middletown reported record-low crime rates. Similar reports were found in other places in New Jersey.

However, in some cases, certain types of crime were found to have increased. For example, in April 2020, New Jersey announced that it was charging more than 2,200 people with crimes related to violating COVID-19 emergency health orders. The number of people who have been charged with such crimes has only increased since then. An August 2020 report discussed the arrest of 21 individuals who used the increase in children’s internet activity to prey on vulnerable kids and potentially commit sexual crimes against them.

On the whole, it is too soon to make definitive conclusions about the impact that COVID-19 has had on crime rates in New Jersey. However, with some exceptions, preliminary data indicate that crime has gone down in the state.

At the end of the day, far too many people have found themselves in trouble with the law. If you are looking for a Morristown criminal defense lawyer, contact the law office of Gregg Wisotsky. We offer top-notch criminal legal services, including defense strategies for assault, fraud, drug offenses and other felonies and misdemeanors. There are many ways to contact the firm, including by filling out the form on our site. You can also call us at (973) 898-0161 during business hours or (908) 229-9714 after hours and on weekends.

How Neglecting COVID-19 Prevention Laws Could Be Criminal

October 23, 2020 by Gregg Wisotsky, Esq. Leave a Comment

Understanding When Neglecting Prevention Laws for COVID-19 Could Be Criminal

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many state governors have put laws and orders in place that are designed to lessen the spread of the virus. It’s important to understand that more than 200,000 people in the U.S. have died as a result of the COVID-19 virus. The prevention laws that have been passed in states like New Jersey can come with penalties and the possibility of litigation for individuals who neglect these laws.

Current COVID-19 Laws in New Jersey

Toward the beginning of the COVID-19 surge in the U.S., the New Jersey state government put in orders that required individuals to stay at home as much as possible. A mask mandate has also been passed that requires residents to wear masks or other types of face coverings in outdoor public spaces as well as commercial businesses. There are, however, some exceptions to this mask rule that you should be aware of. For instance, if wearing a face mask would inhibit your health, this order wouldn’t apply to you.

While the mask mandate is still in place throughout New Jersey, the stay-at-home order was rescinded back in June once the rate of new cases dropped significantly. At the time, anyone who was caught breaking the stay-at-home order could face penalties that were as high as $10,000 in fines and up to 18 months of jail time. During the period of time that the order was in place, more than 2,000 residents of New Jersey were charged with violating this order.

Keep in mind that current penalties and charges for neglecting COVID-19 prevention laws could increase or decrease in the coming weeks and months. Across the United States, prevention laws have become stricter when cases have risen. While the case numbers in New Jersey remained relatively steady from June through September, there’s always a possibility that case numbers could rise again. If this occurs, the penalties for not wearing a mask could increase. Enforcement of these penalties may also become more stringent.

Possible Penalties You Could Face

Since it has been rescinded, residents no longer have to worry about facing fines or jail time for breaking New Jersey’s stay-at-home order. As for the mask mandate, it’s possible that penalties and charges will start to be assessed in the coming weeks for individuals who are caught not covering their faces while in stores and outdoor places throughout New Jersey.

Back in April, Governor Phil Murphy created and signed an order that required people who enter stores throughout New Jersey to wear masks or face coverings. While these requirements are still in place, penalties have yet to be assessed for the mask mandate. In late September, the New Jersey State Assembly passed a bill that stated that individuals would face certain penalties if they were caught not wearing a mask in stores with visible signs that required face coverings. Currently, the bill has only been sent through the appropriations committee and will still require additional votes before becoming law.

If passed, this bill will charge individuals who break the mask mandate to have to pay fines that are anywhere from $50 to $500. These fines can be allotted if the individual doesn’t wear a mask over both their mouth and nose. In the early stages of the bill, anyone who was caught without a mask could also face a jail sentence of up to 30 days. This penalty has since been dropped from the bill, which means that monetary fines are currently the only potential penalty that people could face when breaking the mask mandate. While the criminal charges for neglecting COVID-19 prevention laws are relatively minor, it’s still important that you adhere to these laws if you want to avoid any charges.

Potential for a Lawsuit

Along with criminal charges, it’s possible that you could face a lawsuit if you neglect the COVID-19 prevention laws that have been set in New Jersey. If you show symptoms of suffering from COVID-19 yet continue to meet with people, shake hands, and remain in proximity to others, a lawsuit could be filed against you in the event that your negligence leads to spreading the disease.

While a lawsuit can be filed in such situations, these cases are often difficult to prove since the plaintiff will need to be able to prove that the defendant knew about their symptoms and continued to act recklessly before seeking treatment. For a defendant to determine that negligent conduct occurred, they must officially establish that:

Damage was done to the plaintiff
There is a connection between the conduct of the defendant and the harm that was done to the plaintiff
The defendant has a duty to the plaintiff
The defendant breached the duty that they had to the plaintiff

While it’s possible for lawsuits to be filed in relation to COVID-19, more coronavirus cases in New Jersey have been criminal. In fact, New Jersey has already charged more than 1,700 people for breaking the stay-at-home order back in April. This included a notable incident where a 54-year-old homeowner was charged after putting on a concert from his front porch in Rumson, NJ. That’s why it’s important to wear a face covering and pay attention to any new executive orders that may be signed by Governor Phil Murphy in the coming weeks and months.

How a Morristown Criminal Defense Lawyer Could Help You

While COVID-prevention regulations play an important role in stopping the spread of the disease, there are instances where people are unfairly charged with breaking the laws. Sometimes, a sign is not visible or someone is wrongfully accused. Keep in mind that there are some exceptions to the mask mandate and other COVID-19 prevention laws that might apply to your situation. For instance, the mask mandate doesn’t apply to situations where you’re drinking a beverage or eating food.

These laws are meant to punish serious offenders, not well-meaning people who fell victim to a mix-up. After all, navigating a pandemic is something new for our society. If you’ve been hit with a charge, consider reaching out to a criminal attorney.

It’s also important to understand that potential fines for breaking the mask mandate could be anywhere from $50 to $500. While you might be able to afford a penalty of $50, a higher penalty that’s closer to $500 could make it difficult for you to pay your monthly rent or afford groceries. Should jail time be added to the possible list of penalties, the economic ramifications could be even greater.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious situation that has resulted in many governors throughout the country signing orders and laws that make it illegal to go into a store without a mask or to visit a gym or movie theater during downtime. Even though the penalties that are assessed with these charges aren’t too high at the moment, it’s still recommended that you do what you can to avoid criminal charges. If you have questions about COVID-19 prevention laws, call us at the office of Gregg A. Wisotsky. You can reach our Morristown criminal defense lawyer at (973) 898-0161.

Which Sorts of Criminal Cases Will Be Tried First After Courts Open?

August 23, 2020 by Gregg Wisotsky, Esq. Leave a Comment

How Are Backlogged Courts Deciding Which Criminal Cases to Hear?

For several months, courts around the nation closed to prevent COVID-19 transmission. This unfortunate yet necessary measure has led to a backlog of over 16,500 criminal cases throughout New Jersey. Now that courts are finally opening up, the massive New Jersey coronavirus backlog may change the way certain cases are handled.

Older Cases Are Being Prioritized

The crime committed is not the only thing the court will consider as they pick which cases to start with. When trying to decide which cases to hear first, the court will also take into account how long it has been since the person was first arrested. In New Jersey, all defendants are guaranteed the right to a speedy trial. This is meant to keep police from indefinitely holding onto a person simply because they are suspected of a crime. A speedy trial is also necessary because it may be harder to obtain accurate witness statements and other relevant information as time passes.

Legally, a person must be indicted within 90 days of being detained. Furthermore, a person who has been indicted cannot be detained in jail for more than 180 days following the indictment. It is possible for a judge to declare a mistrial because of a lack of a jury, which may have happened when it was considered unsafe to create a jury. If the court has declared a mistrial, New Jersey law specifies that a new trial must start within 120 days of the mistrial entry.

If a person is detained in jail for longer than this amount of time, they can be released from jail. This is typically something the courts try to avoid, even when there is a criminal case backlog. As long as the prosecutor feels that they have a decent case against a person, the court will prioritize those who are about to reach this statute of limitations. This means that both indictments and criminal trials for older cases will proceed as quickly as possible. Even if the older trial is not for an especially severe crime, it may be tried simply to ensure that defendants’ rights to a speedy trial are met. The older a case is, the more likely it is to show up on the court’s docket.

More Serious Crimes Are More Likely to Be Tried

The backlog is so severe that some Morristown criminal defense lawyers and other legal experts feel that it may be impossible for courts to meet trial deadlines. In these situations, some charges may inevitably be dismissed. The courts are aware of this, so they are trying to ensure that all serious and violent criminal cases are heard first. They feel that if some potential criminals are set free it is best to ensure that it is only those who have committed less serious or nonviolent crimes. More time and energy will be focused on serious crimes instead of crimes that may be considered petty or victimless.

Another reason that courts are focusing on more serious crimes is because they want to keep jailhouses as empty as possible. Reducing the number of people in jail makes things easier for wardens to keep the inhabitants safe. Typically, those who are arrested for less serious crimes have a low bail that they can easily pay. More serious criminal charges make it harder for a person to get bail. In some cases, the bail amount may be so high that it is hard for the defendant to pay. In other circumstances, bail may be denied altogether. Since the courts recognize that full jails are going to lead to problems, they are making an effort to help keep jails as empty as possible.

What counts as a “serious” crime tends to be a matter of personal opinion. Typically, crimes involving violence or large amounts of theft tend to be considered more serious. Things that are felonies or aggravated felonies may get court attention sooner than misdemeanor crimes. Some examples of the types of criminal cases that may be prioritized include:

Homicide
Sexual assault
Armed burglary
Manslaughter
Assault
Robbery

Cases That Cannot Be Plea Bargained Are More Likely to Go to Court

To deal with the New Jersey coronavirus backlog, most courts are focusing on plea bargains over jury trials. Only about 10% of criminal cases actually end up going to trial usually. Instead, the majority of people charged with a crime end up accepting plea bargains. A plea bargain is an agreement where the prosecution agrees to reduced sentencing in exchange for the defendant pleading guilty right away.

Even more COVID criminal cases are likely to end in plea bargains than usual because these bargains are quicker and easier than a full trial by jury. The court is desperate to get through cases as quickly as they can, so they are being more lenient on the types of bargains being approved. Many prosecutors report that they are going out of their way to create plea bargains whenever possible.

However, plea bargains are typically only an option in certain types of cases. Most prosecutors will skip a plea bargain if they feel that they have enough evidence to almost guarantee a conviction. A complete lack of evidence can also make it hard to settle a plea bargain since the defendant and their Morristown criminal defense lawyer may think that their chances of being acquitted are high. Furthermore, if a crime is considered particularly serious, such as first-degree murder, all plea bargains may be taken off the table. Plea bargains may not be offered to repeat offenders and others who are deemed to be a danger to the public.

Since the courts are so busy, they may advise prosecutors to avoid wasting time trying to get a plea bargain for these situations. Instead, they may prioritize trials for these sorts of cases to get them out of the way. This lets the court spend its time addressing the more controversial cases while plea bargains can be used to clear away more open-and-shut cases. With New Jersey courts encouraging plea bargains instead of trials, the only cases likely to go to a jury are those that cannot be plea bargained away.

How to Handle COVID Criminal Cases

If you are facing criminal charges during COVID-19, you cannot just assume that they will go away. Courts may be focusing on more serious cases, but they are still taking time to consider every case that goes through their offices. The new focus on plea deals may give you favorable terms, but you should always get legal advice before accepting any plea deal. An experienced Morristown criminal defense lawyer can help you decide if it is worth waiting for a trial.

The law firm of Gregg Wisotsky is here to help during these trying times. We are happy to provide free consultations and review your case. Our team has worked on a variety of criminal defense cases, ranging from drug offenses to violent crimes. To learn more, call our Morris County office at 973-898-0161 or fill out our online contact form.

COVID-19 and Its Effects on the Police

August 1, 2020 by Gregg Wisotsky, Esq. Leave a Comment

How COVID-19 Is Affecting Police Officers

With the rapid spread of COVID-19, law enforcement agencies are racing to keep their officers and the public safe from the virus. Many criminal justice advocates have focused on the need to reduce jail populations, and others are suggesting changes to the way police handle calls for assistance in the community. With these changes, the coronavirus pandemic could have a lasting impact on law enforcement in the United States.

Taking Steps to Stay Safe

COVID-19 has affected almost every aspect of our daily lives, including how police and other officials handle emergencies in the community. These problems do not come without added expenses for the agencies. In fact, the COVID-19 pandemic is so costly that Congress included about $850 million in the CARES Act to help law enforcement respond to and prevent a coronavirus outbreak in their communities. During these challenging times, many jurisdictions are ensuring that certain people will not be sent to jail. Serious offenders are still being arrested, but those who commit nonviolent crimes are often allowed to return home. Law enforcement agencies are modifying their practices to maintain physical distancing to keep the public and officers safe.

While keeping the community safe, law enforcement agencies are feeling the effects of the virus on their officers. For example, over 2,000 New York City police officers have tested positive for the virus with 20 percent in the ranks reporting being ill. Detroit has placed over 350 officers in quarantine as 400 police officers returned to work after sick leave.

If police agencies want to keep everyone safe during this pandemic, they will have to modify their practices. When making decisions, many law enforcement agencies are applying the “do no harm” model to their practices from making arrests to the use of force in the field. Today, an arrest is now seen as a last resort. By limiting the use of handcuffs, both the police officer and the accused will stay safe from an infection of COVID-19.

However, some people believe that incorporating physical distancing and other changes will harm public safety. While there is a cause for concern, police agencies are making minor adjustments to protect their staff and officers from the virus as they continue to serve the community. It is also vital for these departments to enact changes consistently. By doing so, law enforcement agencies can stop the spread of COVID-19 as they continue to protect the community.

Potential Changes to Law Enforcement

If a law enforcement agency wants to stop the spread of the virus, it will have to implement these policy procedures. In some cases, these measures might have a permanent effect on policing in America. During the virus outbreak, many people have called on police to reduce the number of custodial arrests and police stops. In some police departments, officers have been instructed to handle only the most serious calls and minimize stops for those low-level crimes.

In Philadelphia, officers were instructed to delay arrests for nonviolent crimes, such as narcotics offenses, burglary and prostitution. Washington D.C. officers issued citations and released individuals for a wide variety of crimes to reduce the number of custodial arrests in their jail systems. While this might be seen as an emergency measure, some agencies could continue with the practice to reduce jail overcrowding and keep the amount of contact between the police and the community to a minimum.

Police budgets continue to be a hot topic in many communities. There have been calls for officers to limit the number of in-person calls. Some people have suggested that to reduce the spread of COVID-19, police officers should not respond to non-emergency issues. Instead, officers will only respond to crimes that involve a threat to public safety or take place in areas where an investigation cannot be delayed. The public is encouraged to report these nonessential complaints to a non-emergency phone number or online portal.

Police agencies in Texas, California and Virginia are already implementing these procedures. These steps might help take the strain off the officers and allow them to focus on more critical crimes in their communities. If these cities are successful in reducing crime with social distancing, online crime portals may become the norm in the United States.

The virus has limited interactions between the police and the public, but there is a need for in-person contact for certain crimes. Most law enforcement agencies are starting to prioritize domestic violence calls. Since many people have been staying at home due to government orders, there has been an increase in domestic violence cases. Police officers are already trained on the warning signs of domestic abuse. When they respond to a call, these officers make sure that everyone in the residence remains safe. COVID-19 has drained certain resources, but many communities are making these calls a top priority. With strained relationships and stress from the pandemic, there is increased tension in many homes. The renewed focus on keeping domestic abuse victims safe and protecting the community should remain the goal for law enforcement agencies in the future.

Finally, due to the virus outbreak, many agencies have provided personal protective equipment (PPE) to all on-duty officers. These law enforcement agencies are also educating their officers on how to stay safe during the pandemic by properly washing their hands, sanitizing their work equipment and surfaces, and identifying the symptoms of COVID-19. They are also providing testing for all officers and staff. Officers are also required to stand at least 6 feet away from members of the public. Some departments, like in Philadelphia and Austin, require their officers to wear masks while on duty. In Los Angeles, patrol officers have a PPE kit that includes goggles, a mask and gloves. These officers also must adhere to safety guidelines when interacting with the public. When the virus fades away, many agencies could still implement these strategies to keep their officers healthy and prevent another virus outbreak in their communities.

The Future of Policing

While most procedures are created to keep officers and the public safe during this pandemic, many of these changes might become the future of policing. In the future, law enforcement agencies will continue to be concerned about the welfare of the public and their officers. Some crime reporting will be designated to online portals as patrol officers handle serious offenses. Improved safety measures, such as increased sanitation in patrol vehicles and jail facilities, can help stop the spread of other infectious diseases. These COVID-19 procedures will have a lasting effect on the future of law enforcement in the United States.

Morristown Criminal Defense Lawyer

While some of these changes are in effect at many police agencies, others might still hesitate to alter their procedures. COVID-19 is still an issue for many law enforcement agencies. However, that does not mean that all arrests have been halted during this time. Police officers continue to charge individuals with serious offenses. If this has happened to you, it might be time to turn to a Morristown criminal defense lawyer.

During this pandemic, our offices are open, and we’re ready to help with your case. You want to choose an attorney who has the experience to handle criminal cases in New Jersey. If you have been arrested or need help with a criminal case, you should contact Gregg A. Wisotsky, Esq. at (973) 898-0161. You can also go online and schedule a free consultation.

How COVID-19 Is Affecting Prison Sentences

July 1, 2020 by Gregg Wisotsky, Esq. Leave a Comment

How the COVID-19 Pandemic Has Impacted Sentencing and Jail Time

In New Jersey, there has been an outbreak of COVID-19 in the state’s prisons. Over a three-day span in mid-May, there were 150 reported new cases, and by that time, 42 inmates had died in state prisons. As a result, COVID-19 has forced changes in the way inmates are sentenced and serve time, allowing some to remain out of prison for their sentence.

Jails Are COVID-19 Hot Spots

One of the main changes with sentencing during the time of COVID-19 revolves around the recognition that jails have become hot spots for the spread of the pandemic. There have been numerous reports around the country of prisoners being sickened in prison. Officials are almost completely unable to stop the spread of the pandemic behind bars as jails are difficult to sanitize and prisoners are confined together in close quarters.

There are approximately 20,000 inmates in the state of New Jersey. The infection rates among these inmates have been alarming. Certain prisons in the state have been hit very hard by COVID-19. For example, there were 105 cases at the Mountainview Youth Correctional Facility. At the Edna Mahan Correctional Facility, by mid-May, there were 73 cases of COVID-19 among corrections officers and another 47 among inmates. There have been horrifying reports about the conditions that some of these prisoners faced with the jail using solitary confinement cells as a COVID-19 isolation unit and housing many prisoners in a small cell.

Governor Murphy’s Executive Order

Governor Murphy acted relatively early with an executive order allowing the release of certain prisoners who were judged as being higher-risk inmates when it comes to the pandemic. In New Jersey prisons, there are four categories of prisoners who are a priority for furloughs. These include:

Prisoners over the age of 60
Those with high-risk medical conditions
Inmates whose sentences expire within three months
Prisoners who were denied parole within the past 12 months

In New Jersey, the inmates would qualify for temporary and not permanent release. When the COVID-19 danger passes, they would be required to report back to prison. This is with the exception of inmates who have been paroled during this time. New Jersey instructed the Department of Corrections to review inmates’ files to see which ones can be paroled.

However, actual reports about the furlough program in its early weeks of operation stated that there was mass confusion and inmates were being furloughed less than they otherwise should have been. In the first few weeks of the program, only about 50 inmates were furloughed as the prisons did not really understand the rules. By the middle of May, that number had increased to 100, but victims’ rights groups have complained that the state has been moving too slowly and has placed prisoners at risk.

By June, the number had grown to more than 400, but the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that the state was illegally operating the furlough program. The main problem was that the state had violated prisoners’ due process rights by operating this program in secret and not sharing information with the inmates and their attorneys. The court directed the state to move faster when it comes to furloughs and paroles since New Jersey has the highest rate of inmate death from COVID-19 in the country. As a result, now would be an advantageous time to contact a Morristown criminal defense lawyer to try to act on an inmate’s behalf.

A Furlough Is Not a Commuted Sentence or Parole

The inmates who are released early from prisons generally do not have their sentences commuted. In other words, an early release is not the same as parole where the inmate is generally free to move about, subject to certain conditions. In these cases, the early release means that prisoners are required to remain at home or in one location for the duration of their sentence. They are still subject to the criminal justice system.

In the case of New Jersey, the state’s judiciary issued guidance on May 1 for sentencing proceedings. Judges have the discretion to hold sentencing hearings by video or remotely but only if all parties (including the defendant) consent to it. If the sentencing is held, then the custodial part of the sentence could include state prison. However, the judge has other options than state prison. It is up to the judge to weigh all of the risks to the defendant and public safety in making a determination whether the sentence should begin right now. The judge has the option to order a sentence other than state prison or to stay the sentence for the time being.

Law enforcement has been flexible in some regard when it comes to sentencing. Dangerous criminals will still be sent to prison for sentences. There would be public safety issues with keeping these criminals out of prison that would outweigh the health interest of protecting the sentenced defendants. However, some criminals may be able to remain outside of prison when they are awaiting trial or sentencing. For example, the well-known lawyer Michael Avenatti was allowed to leave prison while he awaits trial in his federal case because he is at a heightened risk of serious complications from COVID-19.

Jail Time and Sentencing in the Federal System

In addition, nonviolent offenders are also being allowed to serve out their sentences at home in certain cases in the federal prison system whereas minimum-security prisoners have been sent home in large numbers. You have certainly heard of Paul Manafort and Michael Cohen. They were both nonviolent offenders in the federal system who have been allowed to leave prison and serve the remainder of their sentences at home under house arrest. Unlike New Jersey, the federal release is an early release to home confinement as opposed to a furlough where the inmate would need to return to prison at a later date.

Many inmates who are currently in prison have tried to argue that they are entitled to a compassionate release due to the threat of COVID-19. It is the prisoners who are considered a higher health risk who have a greater chance of winning early release from prison. Those with overlapping health conditions have been successful in winning early release in some cases.

The federal release program, as directed by Attorney General Barr, uses the following criteria:

Inmates are at high risk for COVID-19.
They have served more than half of their sentence or have served more than 25% with less than 18 months remaining.
They have not been convicted of a violent crime or a sex crime.

However, in the federal system, the rate of prisoner release has also remained low. Some prisoners have sued to try to win an early release. In at least one case, the Trump administration has intervened in court to try to stop the early release of that prisoner. Nonetheless, inmates are filing cases in federal courts attempting to win their release from prison due to COVID-19.

Inmates or the families of those who are imprisoned or awaiting jail time who are concerned about their risk for COVID-19 should contact Morristown criminal defense lawyer Gregg Wisotsky at (973) 898-0161 to learn more about their legal rights.

COVID-19 Fraud Charges

June 10, 2020 by Gregg Wisotsky, Esq. Leave a Comment

Common Types of COVID-19 Fraud

The Department of Justice warns that people around the world are trying to utilize COVID-19 to their advantage to earn money through phone, mail, and email. In many cases, these individuals can find themselves faced with fraud charges, even if they are unaware that they are committing fraud. Following are some examples of common types of fraud seen during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Charity Scams

Charity scams are one of the more common types of fraud happening right now. People have an instinct to want to help in times like this. Some individuals take it upon themselves to set up charities or create crowdfunding pages with the intent of donating collected money to those affected by the pandemic. However, if that money doesn’t go where you promised it would, you could be committing fraud. If the organization you chose to donate to initially closes down, for example, and you pocket the money or take portions of the funds to purchase things for yourself, you could find yourself facing fraud charges.

Unemployment Fraud

During the COVID-19 lockdown, many people have found themselves unemployed while their places of work are shut down. Thus, individuals have turned to seeking unemployment benefits in the meantime in order to pay their bills. Occasionally, however, mistakes can happen during the process that result in overpayment. Your employer could have been keeping poor records, or there could be an error in the paperwork. If you do not return these extra funds, you could be committing fraud, even if the mistake is not your fault. Additionally, unemployment benefits often come with requirements, such as requiring that you actively seek employment or do not turn down work. If you fail to comply with these requirements but still accept unemployment benefits, you could be committing fraud.

Fraudulent Products

Right now, there is no vaccine or recognized treatment for COVID-19. However, you may have been convinced that a certain product works in helping to prevent catching COVID-19. These items might include essential oils, CBD products, herbal pills, or even tests. If you attempt to sell such products with the claim that they cure or prevent COVID-19 and they are not approved by the appropriate government agencies, you could be accused of committing fraud.

Credit Card Fraud

There are several types of credit card fraud that you could be committing without realizing it, especially while money is tight during lockdown. If you apply for a new credit card to help while income is limited, for example, but lie on the application, there’s the potential for a fraud charge. You could also face charges for using someone else’s credit card without permission or using someone’s credit card after they have passed away.

A type of credit card fraud that people may not even consider is using a false credit card number in order to get free trials of products or services. Many people are turning to delivery services, grocery services, and even new streaming services while social distancing at home. Some of these apps and services will ask for a valid credit card number in order to use a free trial. You may have been tempted to use a website that provides fake credit card numbers, but some of these sites may be providing you with stolen credit card numbers.

Additionally, many people are purchasing items online while retail stores are closed, and it can be difficult to remember every single online transaction you might make. Some may notice a charge for a purchase that they don’t remember making and may report it as fraud in order to get the money refunded. This, however, is fraud in itself, typically referred to as chargeback fraud.

Penalties for Fraud

The penalties that a person can face for fraud in New Jersey depend on a number of different factors that are specific to the nature of the fraud committed. Unemployment fraud penalties, for example, depend on the amount of money that was taken – the higher the amount, the stronger the penalties would be.

When it comes to credit card fraud, having someone’s credit card without their consent or using a card that was given to you by mistake could result in jail time of up to 18 months and a fine of up to $10,000. When it comes to charity fraud, the first offense in New Jersey can result in a fine of up to $10,000. However, any subsequent offenses can result in fines of up to $20,000 per offense. Similar penalties can be faced for deceptive advertising of products, such as “miracle cures” for COVID-19.

In addition to the penalties, a criminal conviction can result in other negative effects to a person’s life. It could have negative effects on their employment or future employment, finances, the ability to take out loans, or even the ability to travel outside the country in the future. Thus, it’s important to contact a lawyer if you’ve been charged with fraud to mitigate the penalties you may face.

Defenses Against Fraud Charges

If you find yourself facing fraud charges, a Morristown fraud defense lawyer could help you form a defense against them. There are a few different defenses that a lawyer may pursue, depending on the specifics of your particular case. Some examples of the types of defenses used in fraud cases include:

Lack of intent: In order to be convicted of fraud, it must be proven that a person had the willful intent to deceive another, causing that person to suffer a loss. However, it is possible to commit some types of fraud without the intent to do so. If you accidentally used a stolen credit card number for a free trial or accidentally made a mistake in a credit card application, a lawyer may pursue this defense.
Non-fraudulent statements: Not every statement that is deemed false necessarily qualifies as fraud. Matters of opinion also would not be considered fraudulent.
Lack of evidence: The burden lies on the party that brings the claim against you to prove that you committed fraud. If they lack the evidence to prove that you intentionally defrauded someone, you may not face a conviction.
Consent: In some cases, you may actually have had consent from an individual that you allegedly defrauded. This may happen, for example, if you had permission to use a family member’s credit card when you did so. If you can provide evidence that you indeed had their permission to use their card, then fraud charges against you could be dropped.
Mistaken identity: With the rise in internet crimes, it is a possibility that you yourself could have been the victim of fraud and that another person may have committed fraudulent acts in your name. If you have fallen prey to a phishing scheme or a case of stolen identity, someone else could use this information to defraud others. In such cases, a lawyer could help prove that you had nothing to do with the crime to try and get any charges against you dropped.
Entrapment: In some cases, a government official or the police may compel a person to commit a crime that they normally would not. However, simply being provided the opportunity to commit said crime is often not enough for a defense on its own.

If you have been contacted by law enforcement asking about your activities during COVID-19, you should consult with a Morristown fraud defense lawyer at the Law Office of Gregg A. Wisotsky, Esq. Call us today at (973) 898-0161 to set up your initial consultation. We have offices in New Jersey, New York, and Georgia.

COVID-19 and Jury Trials

June 2, 2020 by Gregg Wisotsky, Esq. Leave a Comment

How COVID-19 Affects Jury Trials in New Jersey

New Jersey courts have undertaken more than 23,000 virtual actions since courthouses were physically closed for COVID-19. However, none of these actions included jury trials since they are not allowed to be held virtually. Here is some more information about how COVID-19 has affected jury trials in New Jersey.

Indefinite Continuations of Trials

The immediate effect of COVID-19 on jury trials is that they have been continued indefinitely. “Continued” means the same thing as suspended. Originally, jury trials that had already begun were allowed to continue. However, the stay-at-home order was issued not too long after the court system was closed. Other trials that were scheduled have also been postponed.

As of this writing, trials in New Jerseys have been postponed through at least May 31. However, courts have been extending these postponements each month when they issue new guidance for the circuit or district. The federal courts in New Jersey are closed through at least June 1.

It is unconstitutional for criminal jury trials to be held remotely or through videoconferencing. The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution contains something that is called the Confrontation Clause. As applicable here, the accused needs to be able to confront the witnesses that are testifying against them. This does not mean that the defendant has a right to a physical or verbal altercation. What is does mean is that they are guaranteed the right to be able to see the witnesses in person at a trial. This is not possible over Zoom or a teleconference. Thus, criminal jury trials are suspended at this point.

The same holds true for civil jury trials. Courthouses are physically closed right now. It is simply not possible to gather a large number of people in a courthouse that a jury trial requires. In fact, many states are restricting any type of gatherings right now to 10 people or less. For a criminal trial, 12 jurors are necessary, so that alone makes criminal jury trials off-limits right now.

Social Distancing Is Challenging for Juries

Even when court trials resume, the physical dynamics of the jury will present some challenges for juries. We have all seen court trials on television to observe how close to each other jurors sit during a case. Even when court hearings begin again, that type of physical proximity will still be difficult. Jurors will need to socially distance for quite some time, perhaps until there is a COVID-19 vaccine.

This will make courthouse logistics that much more challenging for the court system. In many courts, the dock where the jury sits is barely large enough to hold the empaneled jurors. It will be difficult to figure out the spacing so that jurors can socially distance. Having to address a spread-out jury will be a challenge for all attorneys in the case. Moreover, the need to socially distance will make it tougher for jurors to deliberate. Courts will need to find a larger space so jurors are not confined together in one room for an extended period of time.

The physical challenges of seating a jury may present even more delays once the court system reopens. It may be some time before it is entirely safe for juries to sit together. What makes it even tougher is that seating the jury is just the last step in the process. Before you even reach that point, scores of potential jurors must file into the courthouse to be questioned for jury duty. Courts may hesitate to let that many people into one building from the outside for an extended period of time even after the pandemic wanes.

Another factor that will continue to impact jury trials is the fact that jurors, witnesses and other trial participants may need to travel a long way for their time in court. Many people do not feel comfortable traveling long distances right now. Most will not automatically feel safer once courthouses reopen. Instead, people will continue to be afraid.

Some jurors end up sequestered during their trials and have to stay in a hotel. However, the fear of improper sanitation may keep people from wanting to stay overnight anywhere away from their homes. In addition, they may not desire to get on an airplane or even travel to another state until some time has passed from the peak outbreak.

Other Logistical Hurdles

There are other logistical hurdles that can cause delays in cases. Even after courts begin to have trials, not every school in the state will have reopened. Summer camps are closed. Parents will be stuck without child care. That will make service on a jury impossible because parents could have nobody to watch their children.

Moreover, the jury pool may be further limited by the fact that many people will have valid excuses from jury duty. Those with preexisting conditions or who are otherwise vulnerable to contracting COVID-19 will not be required to show up at the courthouse. There may be challenges seating a jury because the pool is so limited.

If your trial has already begun and was underway when jury trials were suspended, there are alternate jurors who can step in if one or more jurors had to leave the case. If jurors are sickened and cannot return to the case, there will not be a mistrial unless the entire alternate juror pool is exhausted.

Where Do Cases Stand Now?

The question many are asking is where the court closures and jury trial suspension leave cases that are in the criminal justice system. While many are saying that courthouses are closed, that only extends to physical proceedings in the courthouse. Courts are still figuratively open during this time, and judges are still working. If you have a case that requires a jury, you may even be able to have some type of remote proceeding, albeit one that does not require a jury to be seated. This could include evidentiary motions in front of the judge or any other part of a case that a judge needs to decide.

In addition, judges can still assign deadlines in a case. They are working remotely, reviewing motions and managing their cases. They can require attorneys to brief matters, and they may still issue rulings in a case, even if there is no prospect of a jury trial anytime soon. Just because the jury cannot hear the case does not mean that the case does not proceed. In fact, the jury trial is the very end of the case. Pre-trial motions and issues can take many months to work through before the trial is even held.

In terms of rescheduled trial dates, when your case will actually be heard is anyone’s guess at this point. Judges have very crowded dockets under the best of circumstances, and nearly every judge will be well behind on their trial schedules. How they prioritize cases when courts reopen is up to the individual judge. However, you can expect that your case will likely not be heard right after the courts reopen for trials.

In addition, given the backlog, judges may allot less time for each trial since they must catch up on their dockets. You can expect that it will take some time for the judicial system to return to normal after being closed for three months or more. Your Morristown criminal defense attorney may even need to file a motion regarding how delays are impacting the defendant’s right to a speedy trial.

To learn more about COVID-19’s impact on the justice system in New Jersey, call Gregg A. Wisotsky, Esq., a Morristown criminal defense attorney, at (973) 898-0161. We are working and helping clients during COVID-19.

Theft Crimes in New Jersey—An Overview

October 23, 2019 by Greg Sutphin Leave a Comment

In New Jersey, the crime of theft is generally defined as an “unlawful taking” of someone else’s property with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of its use or possession. There are a number of specific offenses that fall under the umbrella of theft crimes, including shoplifting, receiving stolen goods, extortion, and even theft of property delivered by mistake.

The Different Degrees of Theft Offenses in New Jersey

As in other states, the type of charge in New Jersey depends primarily on the value of the property taken:

Disorderly persons theft crimes—If the value of the goods or services taken does not exceed $200, you will be charged with a disorderly persons offense, similar to “petty theft” in most other states. The penalties for conviction include incarceration for up to six months and a fine of not more than $1,000 or double the amount taken, whichever is higher.
Crime in the fourth degree—If you took goods or services valued at more than $200, but less than $500, you can be convicted of a crime in the fourth degree. The penalties include up to 18 months jail time and penalties of no more than $10,000.
Crime in the third degree—The penalties for this offense include a prison term of three tofive years and fines of either $15,000 or double the amount stolen, whichever is higher. New Jersey law specifies certain types of theft offenses as falling under this category:
- Theft of goods or services valued at more than $500, but less than $75,000
- Theft of a controlled dangerous substance (with certain limitations)
- Theft of specific types of property, including motor vehicles, firearms, horses, airplanes, boats and domestic companion animals
- Theft of property directly from a person’s body
- Theft of a prescription blank
Crime in the second degree—This charge applies to all theft offenses where the value of goods or services is $75,000 or more. It covers all theft of controlled substances not prosecuted as a crime in the third degree, as well as extortion. If convicted of this crime, you can face five to ten years in prison and a fine of $150,000 or twice the amount stolen, whichever is higher.

Contact Gregg A. Wisotsky, Partner at Javerbaum, Wurgaft Hicks Kahn Wikstrom & Sinins, PC

I offer a free phone consultation to every prospective client. For a complimentary evaluation of your case, contact my office online or call me at 973-241-7468. I will come to your home or the hospital to meet with you, if necessary. All major credit cards are accepted.

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